Lead

K.S.S.

The K.S.S. plant is designed for the production of lead from lead concentrates and sulfates. The decopperized lead produced is subsequently refined at the San Gavino production site.

Kivcet furnace

The Kivcet Furnace consists of two sections: the flash smelting and the electrothermal section, merged into a unique and compact production unit. All redox reactions occur in the furnace in order to obtain metallic lead.

CDF

Lead bullion produced in the Kivcet is cooled in the Continuous Drossing Furnace (CDF) and copper is recovered as copper matte.

Decopperizing and casting

Lead from the CDF is decopperized in the kettles and cast into ingots that are sent to the San Gavino thermal refinery.

Lead Line San Gavino Refinery

San Gavino refines decopperised lead obtained in the KSS plant.

The refining process is a thermic liquation-alloying process through which commercial products are made (refined lead and lead alloys).

Through lead refining, precious metals (gold and silver) are extracted and refined.